Finishing furniture refers to the process of applying a protective and/or decorative coat to the surface of wooden furniture. This final step in the creation or restoration of wooden furniture not only enhances its appearance but also protects it from environmental factors and everyday wear and tear. The finish can include a range of treatments such as staining, painting, varnishing, and lacquering, each providing a unique aesthetic and level of protection.
The importance of finishing furniture cannot be overstated. It serves several critical functions, the primary being the protection of the wood. Wood is a naturally porous material that can absorb moisture, oils, and other substances it comes into contact with. Without a proper finish, wood can swell, warp, or become discolored. A good finish seals the pores, preventing damage from moisture and making the furniture more durable. Additionally, finishes can protect the surface from scratches, scuffs, and other physical damages.
Aesthetically, finishing can greatly enhance the appearance of wooden furniture. Through various techniques, finishers can emphasize the natural grain of the wood, add color, or create a completely new look. Techniques such as staining allow the natural wood grain to show through while adding color that complements the interior decor. Paints, on the other hand, can completely transform the look of furniture, making old furniture fit in with modern aesthetics. Other finishes, like varnish and lacquer, provide a glossy, reflective surface that can make the piece look more luxurious and well-crafted.
The process of finishing furniture can vary greatly depending on the desired outcome and the type of wood. Preparing the surface is the first critical step and involves cleaning, sanding, and sometimes sealing the wood to ensure that the finish will adhere properly and look its best. Once the surface is prepared, the chosen finish is applied. This might be done through brushing, spraying, or wiping, depending on the type of finish and the desired effect. Multiple layers may be applied, with sanding in between, to build a thick, protective coat.
Choosing the right type of finish depends on various factors including the type of wood, the piece’s intended use, and exposure to elements, as well as personal preference regarding aesthetics. For example, a dining table might require a more durable finish than a decorative shelf. Finishes like polyurethane offer a highly durable surface suitable for tables and chairs, while shellac might be chosen for a fine, antique look but is less resistant to heat and solvents.
In conclusion, finishing is a crucial step in the creation and maintenance of wooden furniture. It not only protects the wood from environmental and physical damages but also enhances the furniture’s beauty, contributing significantly to its longevity and functionality. Whether you are buying new furniture or looking to restore older pieces, understanding the finishes can help you make informed decisions that ensure the beauty and durability of your wooden furnishings.